Public blockchains (or "public chains") represent decentralized networks where anyone worldwide can read, send transactions, and participate in consensus. These form the backbone of most blockchain projects today, with platforms like Ethereum providing developer-friendly foundations for DApp creation. Native tokens power these networks, ensuring security and functionality.
Since 2018—dubbed the "Year of Public Chains"—numerous projects have emerged, driven by their role as crypto's critical infrastructure. As the industry matures, these chains enable explosive growth in DeFi, NFTs, and Layer 2 solutions. While Ethereum leads this space, challenges like congestion and high fees create opportunities for competitors. Below, we dissect 10 major public chains reshaping the ecosystem.
1. Ethereum (ETH)
Market Dominance: $285B+市值
Key Strengths:
- Largest ecosystem (DeFi, NFTs, DApps)
- ETH scarcity via staking, DeFi locking, and EIP-1559 burns
Challenges: - Network congestion
- Volatile gas fees
👉 Explore ETH's future with Ethereum 2.0
2. Polkadot (DOT)
Innovation: Cross-chain interoperability via relay chains and parachains.
2023 Highlight: Parachain slot auctions went live, with projects like Acala securing slots.
3. Cosmos (ATOM)
USP: "Blockchain Internet" with IBC protocol for seamless cross-chain communication.
Upgrade: Stargate (2023) enabled full IBC functionality.
4. Flow (FLOW)
Niche: NFT/gaming powerhouse (NBA Top Shot, CryptoKitties).
Growth: Riding the metaverse wave but needs more liquidity solutions.
5. Solana (SOL)
Performance: 710K TPS, non-EVM compatible.
2023 Surge: TVL soared 428% to $3.3B—DeFi’s speed king.
FAQ:
Q: Which chain is best for NFTs?
A: Flow dominates gaming/NFTs; Ethereum hosts top collections (Bored Apes).
Q: Are cross-chain bridges safe?
A: Polkadot/Cosmos offer native security—avoid unauthorized third-party bridges.
6. Terra (LUNA)
Model: Algorithmic stablecoins (UST) + DeFi integration.
Collateral: LUNA’s burn/mint mechanism stabilizes TerraUSD.
7. OKTC (OKT)
Exchange-Backed: OKX’s high-performance chain with EVM compatibility.
Tokenomics: OKT used for governance, fees, and DeFi rewards.
8. Cardano (ADA)
Research-Driven: Peer-reviewed Haskell smart contracts.
2023 Milestone: Alonzo upgrade enabled Plutus scripts.
9. Avalanche (AVAX)
Triple-Chain: X/P/C chains for custom scaling.
Eco-Boost: Benqi ($1.1B TVL) leads DeFi growth.
10. TRON (TRX)
Entertainment Focus: 102B+ TVL in gaming/DeFi.
TPS: 2000—3x faster than Ethereum.
👉 Dive deeper into Layer 2 solutions
Final Thoughts
Ethereum remains king but faces fierce competition. Scalability (Solana), interoperability (Polkadot), and niche dominance (Flow) will dictate the next era. Stake, build, or trade—the chains are ready.